J2E erythrocytic differentiation (EPO)

Series:	IN_VITRO DIFFERENTIATION SERIES
Species:	Mouse (Mus musculus)
Genomic View:	Zenbu
Expression table:	FILE
Link to TET:	TET
Sample providers :	Peter Klinken
Germ layer:	mesoderm
Primary cells or cell line:	cell line
Time span:	48 hours
Number of time points:	16

Overview

Erythropoietin (Epo) is the hormone, which regulates red blood cell production1. It is produced primarily in the kidney, and binds to Epo receptors (Epor) on the surface of immature erythroid cells in the bone marrow, thereby initiating the final stages of red cell maturation[1,2]. Following binding of Epo to its cognate receptor, a series of intracellular signaling cascades are activated, including stimulation of the JAK/STAT and ras/MAP kinase pathways[3,4]. This leads to enhanced cell division, followed by terminal differentiation which is characterized by the production of hemoglobin. In addition, morphological changes occur involving a reduction in cell size, nuclear condensation, and eventually extrusion of the nucleus to produce reticulocytes. Mature red blood cells (erythrocytes) containing large amounts of hemoglobin then circulate around the body transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide [5]. References: [1] Bunn HF. Erythropoietin. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 2013; 3: a011619. [2] Koury MJ, Koury ST, Bondurant MC, Graber SE. Correlation of the molecular and anatomical aspects of renal erythropoietin production. Contributions to nephrology 1989; 76: 24-29; discussion 30-22. [3] Richmond TD, Chohan M, Barber DL. Turning cells red: signal transduction mediated by erythropoietin. Trends Cell Biol 2005; 15: 146-155. [4] Ingley E. Integrating novel signaling pathways involved in erythropoiesis. IUBMB Life 2012; 64: 402-410. [5] Palis J. Primitive and definitive erythropoiesis in mammals. Frontiers in physiology 2014; 5: 3.

Sample description

J2E model of Erythocytic differentiation J2E cells are murine fetal liver cells that have been immortalised with the J2 retrovirus. J2E cells retain the capacity to respond to Epo by terminally differentiating and synthesizing hemoglobin6. The mouse J2E cell line responds to Epo by activating the JAK/STAT and ras/MAP kinase pathways7, as well as a novel Lyn-signaling cascade that we identified8. As a consequence of exposure to Epo, the cells undergo a burst of proliferation, followed by entry into the terminally differentiated state by synthesizing hemoglobin and changing morphologically9. These cells, therefore, provide a very good model for normal erythroid maturation in response to Epo. J2E cells are maintained in DMEM (Gibco) 5% FCS (Bovogen Biologicals) at 370C and 5% CO2. Cell density is kept at 5-8 X105 cells/ml. Cells were induced with 5U/ml of Epo (Eprex®) (Jannsen). At least 1 X 107 cells were collected for RNA at 0min, 15min, 30min, 45min,1h, 1h 20min, 1h 40min, 2h, 2h 30min,3h, 3h 30min, 4h, 6h, 12h, 24h and 48h. Key marker for differentiation Enumeration of benzidine positive cells, as an indication of hemoglobin synthesis, was carried out to monitor differentiation. The time course of Epo-induced differentiation of J2E cells shows that hemoglobin production increases markedly 24-48h after stimulation (Figure 1). Figure 1. Benzidine positive cells were enumerated at each time point. Three biological replicates were analysed.

Quality control

Expression of the following genes was assessed to determine the validity of this cell line as a model of Epo-induced erythroid differentiation (Figure 2). All these genes are required for normal erythroid differentiation. * Epor mediates epo-induced proliferation and differentiation [10] * Alas2 is the rate limiting enzyme for the Heme biosynthesis pathway [11] * Hbb-b1 hemoglobin, adult beta major chain required for oxygen transport [12] * Gata-1 is an essential transcription factor for erythroid development [13, 14] * Klf1 is a key transcriptional regulator for erythroid development [15] * Nfe2 regulates erythroid maturation [16] Figure 2. Expression of key genes associated with erythroid differentiation. TPM: Tags per million. Refereneces: [6] Klinken SP, Nicola NA, Johnson GR. In vitro-derived leukemic erythroid cell lines induced by a raf- and myc-containing retrovirus differentiate in response to erythropoietin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85: 8506-8510. [7] Tilbrook PA, Bittorf T, Callus BA, Busfield SJ, Ingley E, Klinken SP. Regulation of the erythropoietin receptor and involvement of JAK2 in differentiation of J2E erythroid cells. Cell Growth Differ 1996; 7: 511-520. [8] Tilbrook PA, Ingley E, Williams JH, Hibbs ML, Klinken SP. Lyn tyrosine kinase is essential for erythropoietin-induced differentiation of J2E erythroid cells. EMBO J 1997; 16: 1610-1619. [9] Busfield SJ, Klinken SP. Erythropoietin-induced stimulation of differentiation and proliferation in J2E cells is not mimicked by chemical induction. Blood 1992; 80: 412-419. [10] Lodish HF, Hilton DJ, Klingmuller U, Watowich SS, Wu H. The erythropoietin receptor: biogenesis, dimerization, and intracellular signal transduction. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1995; 60: 93-104. [11] Meguro K, Igarashi K, Yamamoto M, Fujita H, Sassa S. The role of the erythroid-specific delta-aminolevulinate synthase gene expression in erythroid heme synthesis. Blood 1995; 86: 940-948. [12] Stamatoyannopoulos G. Control of globin gene expression during development and erythroid differentiation. Exp Hematol 2005; 33: 259-271. [13] Tsai SF, Martin DI, Zon LI, D'Andrea AD, Wong GG, Orkin SH. Cloning of cDNA for the major DNA-binding protein of the erythroid lineage through expression in mammalian cells. Nature 1989; 339: 446-451. [14] Whitelaw E, Tsai SF, Hogben P, Orkin SH. Regulated expression of globin chains and the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 during erythropoiesis in the developing mouse. Mol Cell Biol 1990; 10: 6596-6606. [15] Miller IJ, Bieker JJ. A novel, erythroid cell-specific murine transcription factor that binds to the CACCC element and is related to the Kruppel family of nuclear proteins. Mol Cell Biol 1993; 13: 2776-2786. [16] Andrews NC, Erdjument-Bromage H, Davidson MB, Tempst P, Orkin SH. Erythroid transcription factor NF-E2 is a haematopoietic-specific basic- leucine zipper protein. Nature 1993; 362: 722-728.

Profiled time course samples

Only samples that passed quality controls (Arner et al. 2015) are shown here. The entire set of samples are downloadable from FANTOM5 human / mouse samples

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13063-139I3	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr00min	biol_rep1
13064-139I4	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr15min	biol_rep1
13065-139I5	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr30min	biol_rep1
13066-139I6	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr45min	biol_rep1
13067-139I7	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	01hr00min	biol_rep1
13068-139I8	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	01hr20min	biol_rep1
13069-139I9	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	01hr40min	biol_rep1
13070-140A1	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	02hr00min	biol_rep1
13071-140A2	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	02hr30min	biol_rep1
13072-140A3	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	03hr00min	biol_rep1
13073-140A4	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	03hr30min	biol_rep1
13074-140A5	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	04hr	biol_rep1
13075-140A6	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	06hr	biol_rep1
13076-140A7	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	12hr	biol_rep1
13077-140A8	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	24hr	biol_rep1
13078-140A9	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	48hr	biol_rep1
13129-140G6	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr00min	biol_rep2
13130-140G7	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr15min	biol_rep2
13132-140G9	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr45min	biol_rep2
13133-140H1	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	01hr00min	biol_rep2
13134-140H2	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	01hr20min	biol_rep2
13135-140H3	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	01hr40min	biol_rep2
13136-140H4	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	02hr00min	biol_rep2
13137-140H5	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	02hr30min	biol_rep2
13138-140H6	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	03hr00min	biol_rep2
13139-140H7	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	03hr30min	biol_rep2
13140-140H8	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	04hr	biol_rep2
13141-140H9	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	06hr	biol_rep2
13142-140I1	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	12hr	biol_rep2
13143-140I2	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	24hr	biol_rep2
13144-140I3	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	48hr	biol_rep2
13195-141E9	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr00min	biol rep3
13196-141F1	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr15min	biol_rep3
13197-141F2	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr30min	biol_rep3
13198-141F3	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	00hr45min	biol_rep3
13199-141F4	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	01hr00min	biol_rep3
13200-141F5	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	01hr20min	biol_rep3
13201-141F6	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	01hr40min	biol_rep3
13202-141F7	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	02hr00min	biol rep3
13203-141F8	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	02hr30min	biol_rep3
13204-141F9	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	03hr00min	biol_rep3
13205-141G1	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	03hr30min	biol_rep3
13206-141G2	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	04hr	biol_rep3
13207-141G3	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	06hr	biol_rep3
13208-141G4	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	12hr	biol_rep3
13209-141G5	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	24hr	biol_rep3
13210-141G6	J2E erythroblastic leukemia response to erythropoietin	48hr	biol_rep3